Essay on Kingsolver - 764 Words

In the three books, The Poisonwood Bible, The Bean Trees and Pigs In Heaven, Barbara Kingsolver chose to use the stylistic device of multiple narrators as a creative way to carry out the themes of the novel and establish the tone. This device is used extensively in The Poisonwood Bible in which Kingsolver states that when she was preparing to write, she knew that she wanted to use this structure, because it was it was â€Å"necessary for the theme of this novel even though I knew it would be quite difficult to pull off, from the point of view of craft. I spent almost a year just honing the different voices, practicing telling the same scene from all five different angles, until I had differentiated them to the point that the reader would†¦show more content†¦I didnt do it!’ on the other. Orleanna, the mother, is the paralyzed one here, and the angry teenager Rachel is ‘what, me worry?’† quot;Im a political writer. I make no bones about it,quot; Kingolver says, quot;When I see something that makes me angry, my impulse is to act to change it. Thats why I write the kind of books that I do.quot; While writing The Poisonwood Bible, her primary goal was to get her readers to understand the circumstances in Congo and to care. But secondly, she wrote this to criticize American involvement in the assassination of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba and the installation of the dictator Mobutu. She wanted to write a novel that was about family and culture, but wasn’t afraid to mix literature with advocacy. By taking the different girl’s points of view, she was able to let each girl concentrate on one theme. Leah, Adah, and Ruth May, three of the daughters, take positions dealing with social activism, empirical analysis, and spirituality, respectively. The baggage that comes with the use of this writing style is that unreliable narrators often show up. Sometimes a reader can identify if a character is wrong, but not always. In The Poisonwood Bible, the reader will quickly realize that Rachael is often confused about the meanings of several words, therefore making statements like; â€Å"it was a tapestry of injustice!†Show MoreRelatedThe Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver746 Words   |  3 Pagesspronging out the front of its head like a forties-model ladies hat. We could just make out that she was dithering back and forth in the road, and then we gradually could see that there were a couple dozen babies running around her every which way† (Kingsolver 106-107). Turtle and Taylor have become comfortable as a family and Turtle has recovered from her previous trauma to the point that she makes audible noises and expresses herself. Just as the family of Taylor and Turtle has brought joy to the livesRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bi ble By Barbara Kingsolver1352 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful. The Poisonwood Bible, by Barbara Kingsolver, involves the Price family of 6, which consists of Orleanna, her husband Nathan, and their 4 daughters. They go on a missionary trip to the Congo in the 1960’s led by Nathan, whose purpose was to spread Christianity in the Congo. Throughout their journey within the Congo, each individual family member faces many hardships. These hardships involve patriarchy. Throughout the Poisonwood Bible, Kingsolver expresses feminist ideologies through Orleanna’sRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1124 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel The Poisonwood Bible, written by Barbara Kingsolver, the reader is introduced to the Price family, Baptist missionaries who are attempting to â€Å"Christianize† the country of Congo, more specifically the village of Kilanga. As the story progresses, the family realizes that they are not changing the Congo; instead, the Co ngo is changing them. The development of the characters within the novel is due to the instrument of cruelty. Although distasteful to regard it as such, cruelty motivatesRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1198 Words   |  5 Pages Period 2 Part I Title: The Poisonwood Bible Author: Barbara Kingsolver Date of Original Publication: 1998 Biographical information about the author (five facts): -Kingslover was born in 1955 - Throughout her life, she has lived in England, France, and the Canary Islands, and has worked in Europe, Africa, Asia, Mexico, and South America. - Kingsolver was named one the most important writers of the 20th Century by Writers Digest. - Her work, The PoisonwoodRead MoreKingsolver s The Poisonwood Bible1161 Words   |  5 Pagesfemales, who talk about the events from their own the points of view. In the beginning, I thought I would not like this book; however I found that I had a hard time putting it down and ended up finishing the book quickly. There were many things Kingsolver did to make this book so appealing. From her use of dialogue and imagery, with such different character personalities, set in a historical time which gave this piece of fiction a hint of authenticity, to her underlying theme of human nature, bothRead MoreThe Bean Trees By Barbra Kingsolver1723 Words   |  7 Pagessons and daughters, peers as their brothers and sisters, and role model figures as aunts and uncles. The Bean Trees is written by Barbra Kingsolver and is set in the early 1980 s. It tells the story of a young woman named Taylor, and the life she builds in Tucson Arizona. Far from home, she meets many great people and finds a pl ace where she belongs. Kingsolver shapes her message of the importance of families both blood and found through her use of character archetypes such as Taylor the hero, whoRead MoreAnimal, Vegetable, Miracle By Barbra Kingsolver1485 Words   |  6 PagesAfter realizing that all of the food and water consumed by their family was either piped, shipped, or driven to them in the middle of the desert, novelist Barbra Kingsolver and her family decided to pick up their lives and move from Tucson, Arizona to to her childhood home of tobacco and dairy farms in southern Appalachia. Kingsolver and her family intended to spend the next year living in a more connected way to their food and where it comes from, and this book is the result of that experience.Read MoreThe Bean Trees By Barbara Kingsolver Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Bean Trees, Barbara Kingsolver uses characters and symbols to show that families are not genetically made up, rather built from love and support. As Kingsolv er establishes the dynamic roles of Taylor Greer upon meeting Turtle and Lou Ann Ruiz throughout the novel, she also includes the symbolic significance of the rhizobia to illuminate the message of The Bean Trees. Kingsolver structures Taylor’s dynamic behaviors in ways that explain the definition of family. She appeals to the reader thatRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1295 Words   |  6 Pages Imperialism has been a strong and long lasting force, oppressing societies for generations on end. The Poisonwood Bible, by Barbara Kingsolver, demonstrates how the Congo is continuously affected by this concept and ideology. Throughout this story, Kingsolver manipulates each family member and individual within the book, to better show Western and European ideas and attitudes, to convey the large amount of hypocrisy, in foreigner’s actions. No one shows the oppression, inflicted upon the Congo’sRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1241 Words   |  5 Pagesknown society, women have not been treated as the full equals of men. A woman s main value is to support a man, bear children, and housekeeping duties. This is how it has always been in most cultures. The novel, The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver, shows the paternalistic society in which the Price family lives in. In 1959 an obstinate Baptist minister named Nathan Price drags his wife and four daughters deep into the heart of the Congo on a mission to save the unenlightened souls of Africa

Gavin Menzies’ Voyages Free Essays

Gavin Menzies Essay Gavin Menzies was a royal navy submarine captain that worked for the British government and now is trying to let the world know his opinion on the discovery of the Americas: did the Chinese discover the Americas before Columbus? Menzies takes on a voyage where he tries to find evidence to support his thesis and comes up with several different theories; his first stop: Calicut. Menzies claims that the Ming dynasty’s famous navigator Zheng He managed to reach the cape of good hope and from there he should have reached the Americas too. Gavin also claims that a famous Italian writer of the time, Nicolo ‘ Di Conti, might have made contact with Zheng ‘s fleet in Calicut and might have also left with them for the New World; Unfortunately for Menzies this idea was quickly discarded for there are historical records that suggest that Di Conti immediately returned back to Italy after his trip to Calicut ( he might have also carried some Chinese maps of their voyages with him). We will write a custom essay sample on Gavin Menzies’ Voyages or any similar topic only for you Order Now Menzies then pulls out some more evidence that a map found was possibly a Chinese map that led to the islands of the Antilles, but according to a few historians and cartographers, the maps were confusing inaccurate and the islands were displaced in random places. The possibility of a slipway on one of the tropical islands was rejected by many geologists that state that those rocks where there for no peculiar reason. Still not giving up on his quest, Gavin Menzies slightly alters his theory: he affirms that an Italian, Verazzano, went on a voyage with the Chinese and stating that he saw â€Å"people running like Chinese†; but as we already know, even Columbus, thought that the people he thought were Chinese but they were just the Native American tribes that lived on the coastline. It was also verified that Indigenous people were descendants of other Asian tribes that might have reached the Americas by crossing an icy passage in North America. There is no concrete information or evidence that the Chinese ever got to America, because if that were so than the Chinese would have set up outposts, settled or maybe started trading the tropical goods with Europe and probably could have made a fortune! Lastly, Menzies tries convincing the people when he claims that an old Chinese report states that the Ming fleet arrived at the shore of about 3000 different countries(the only way to do this was by reaching the Americas too)! The Chinese historian that owned the archives rejects this last of Gavin’s theories because of a simple calligraphy misunderstanding: the Chinese character † † means 30 and † † means 3000 so the record can be misunderstood because the record actually just meant 30 different countries†¦ Any claims concerning history, especially when it has been firmly accepted by historians and other professionals on that certain topic, should have reliable and plausible evidence along with clarifications and explanations to be supported; That is how history has been built up so far and it’s how it will continue to be built. When an argument concerning history that relies on inaccurate evidence and unsupported theories, such as that found in Menzies’ show. The argument does not deserve to be reconsidered. How to cite Gavin Menzies’ Voyages, Essay examples

Brand Orientation and Market Orientation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Brand Orientation and Market Orientation. Answer: Introduction: Lorna Jane is a brand that has been established in the year 1990 and this is the clothing retailer and manufacturer of active wears that are innovative in nature in order to meet the rising demands of the customers in the competitive market. The respective brand is particularly for the sports minded active as well as health conscious women. The current strategic market of Lorna Jane is that in the recent years it has reported sales as well as revenues of more than $195,360,000 in all over Australia (Lorna Jane, 2015). The particular brand is trying to expand recently to other countries as well. In order to contribute to the success of Lorna Jane, the company is commencing program of expansion internationally and they are now operating in more than 200 countries along with retail stores in US, Singapore and other stores as well. Lorna Jane has competition in the market as there are other new companies that are trying to attract strong customer base but it is not possible as Lorna Jane is providing the best kind of services to their target customers. Proper SWOT analysis will be conducted in order to analyze the external and internal threats and strengths of the company. Lorna Jane is a brand wherein the main priority of the brand is providing the customers a proper satisfaction by providing quality products to them. The main value of the respective brand Lorna Jane is to manufacture, design as well as sell the brands that are quality active wear and the brand endorsements are done by the celebrities. The main aim and concept of Lorna Jane brand is women empowerment and through this concept they want to expand their brand in other countries in the future as well. The particular brand mainly deals with sporty clothes that will be comfortable for the health conscious as well as fit women who are stylish in their approach as well (Yan Xin et al., 2014). Core values of brand Lorna Jane The core values of the brand Lorna Jane is to properly manufacture design as well as sell active wears those are of high quality and their main aim is to understand that there is no such impact on the environment of the products that are manufactured by them (Keller, 2016). The main aim of Lorna Jane brand is to sell products that are sustainable for the entire environment. The companies follow sustainable as well as ethical practices throughout the supply chain of the entire business. The other core values of Lorna Jane are to create a positive relationship with the employees as well as suppliers in the workplace and this helps the company in providing value to the customers. There are different elements of brand Lorna Jane wherein the mantra of the particular brand has to be identified along with image of the brand as this will help in understanding the brand identity concept as well. The elements of the brand have to be meaningful in nature as it should enable the customers to understand the meaning of the character of the brand that the company wants to portray (Rubio, Oubina Villasenor, 2014). Mantra of the brand Lorna Jane is Move, Nourish Believe There are three different sectors of the brand Loran Jane that are as follows: Emotional- wherein it focuses on the empowerment of women Descriptive- wherein it describes and focuses on athletic women Function- wherein it focuses on the active lifestyle of women (Seri?, Gil-Saura Ruiz-Molina, 2014) The focus that has been given on the empowerment is this will help in motivating the women customers in order to make them lead a lifestyle that is active in nature. Similarly, the athletic focuses on the customers who are strong, successful, disciplined as well as resilient. Lastly, active lifestyle focuses on the products of Lorna Jane as this will focus on stylish as well as active sportswear clothes (Huang Sarigollu, 2014). The logo of the brand Lorna Jane that indicates the following meaning: Move bodies every day Nourish from inside and out Believing in themselves Personality of brand The personality of the brand Lorna Jane helps in understanding that this brand focuses on providing strength to the women as this encourages empowerment of women, disciplined, resilient and successful individuals (Rossolatos, 2014). The particular brand Lorna Jane introduces trendy, stylish, athletic, and fashionable as well as empowerment of women in the society. The main mission of the brand is to empower each and every woman to lead her best life through wearing active sportswear and with the help of daily practice of MOVE, NOURISH AND BELIEVE (Buil, Chernatony Martnez, 2013). The brand communication helps in analyzing the combination of different activities that will help in influencing the behavior of the customers in the competitive market according to the different opinions of the company and the different products that are sold by them as well (Severi Ling, 2013). Lorna Jane is the brand that helps in promoting brand communication by informing the customers about the different innovations and the features of their products that are sold in the market (Su Tong, 2015). The communication of brand is essential for the internal customers as well as this will help in focusing on the communication of different information related to sales and revenues of the respective company (Sasmita Mohd Suki, 2015). A strong brand name is essential to be provided by the companies as this helps in attracting customers in the competitive market and helps in making the customers aware about the brand as well (Hutter et al., 2013). The brand name that is used by Lorna Jane is unique from other competitors in the market and the three dots that indicates move, nourish and believe helps in understanding that this logo with help in attracting large group of customers in the target market and this logo will help the customers in remembering about the company as well as the brand (Jillapalli Jillapalli, 2014). The main aim of the brand Lorna Jane is the empowerment of women in the society and this will help in marketing their active sportswear in the market as well (Mizik, 2014). The brand communication for the focal brand Lorna Jane is of good standard as the particular brand has segmented their market according to the geographic location and along with the behavior of customers (Kapferer, 2017). The main target market of Lorna Jane is the customers who are of age group of 25-45 years of age and the main communication method of the particular brand is empowerment of women and to help them lead an active life as well (Urde, Baumgarth Merrilees, 2013). Secondary brand associations The secondary brand association is leveraged by the different companies in order to build proper brand equity in the market (Choi, 2014). There are different sources of secondary brand association that includes place, people, things as well as other brands who are the competitors of the respective brand. The people of the respective brand are the employees as well as the endorsers. The secondary brand associations include the extension of the brand as well in different parts of the world along with understanding the ambassador of the brand (Ho et al., 2015). From the above diagram, it can be analyzed that the secondary brand association of Lorna Jane is that the particular brand is expanding their business in different countries and this helps in analyzing the countries wherein they want to expand their business and this will help the company in deciding on the endorsers as well. The employees and the endorsers have to be properly classified by the business owners as well as other marketing department employees in order to understand their nature of competitors (Wong Wickham, 2015). Ambassador of Lorna Jane Brand Kayla Itsines is the brand ambassador of the brand Lorna Jane and she is an Australian author, trainer as well as entrepreneur. She has got the idea of starting the business of active sportswear as she felt that the empowerment of women is a different idea and this can help them in increasing the business in different parts of the world as well. The main motive of the brand Lorna Jane was to help the women who are health conscious in nature as well as those who are fitness freaks as well. The brand Lorna Jane is expanding their market in different parts of the world as well as there is now extending the brand in their other products related to health care as well as other products in different gyms as well as stores of health food chains. The brand Lorna Jane is expanding their business in preparation of active living rooms as well. Lorna Jane is performing extremely well in the department of apparels for the empowerment of women as well as for the woman customers who are in demand for active living as well in different parts of the world. The brand Lorna Jane is positioned with proper philosophy of active living that is supported by the daily practice of Move, Nourish and Believe. The ethos of the brand Lorna Jane helps in encouraging the sense of empowerment along with strong bond with the customers emotionally. The brand ambassador of the brand Lorna Jane was herself an author and trainer and she started this particular brand for empowerment of women in the entire world. The target customers of the particular brand are the female who are fashion minded and who are active consumers as well. The Lorna Jane positions itself in such a way that it has attracted to large customers as well and this will help in being a competition to other brands such as Nike, Adidas as well. The brand Lorna Jane manufactures, designs as well as sells retail active wear products that includes sports bras, Tops, Tanks, Pants, Accessories, Shorts, Jackets, Hoddies, Grift cards and shoes. Analysis of competitors of Lorna Jane The brand Lorna Jane is positioned in the mainstream market in the upper section. The competition is being derived from brands of sportswear both globally as well as other national brands that are smaller in nature. The perceptual map analysis of the market of Lorna Jane is positioned along with the other key competitors that are measured by quality of brand as well as point of price as well. Segmentation of customers Geographic This helps in understanding where the customers are located of Lorna Jane. The geographic location of Lorna Jane helps in analyzing the different other companies that are based on ecommerce and this will help them in understanding the competition in the business Demographic The demographics of the brand Lorna Jane is categorized as follows: Female customers- 25-45 years of age The target customers are both high and middle class income group individuals The particular brand offers products that are physically active e and the range starts from XXS to XL Pyschographic The pyschographic of the brand Lorna Jane is categorized as follows: For the customers who are health and brand conscious For the customers who seeks proper and good quality of clothes For empowering the women customers and making them confident in their approaches as well SWOT analysis of Lorna Jane There are many strengths of the brand Lorna Jane wherein there are little strength that is as follows: The respective organization has managed in order to establish a strong brand for their company The management of the company has developed a proper inspiring brand image in the entire competitive market The respective organization managed to convince different women for their different products as this helped them in empowerment of the women Proper introduction of the sales has helped in increasing the sales and revenues of the product of the company The respective brand and the company has strong supply chain that helps the company in faster delivery of the goods and services in the market The other major strength of the company is that it sells products of the sportswear categories that are major choice of the customers in the competitive market The company must properly communicate the information of the product to the customers who are potential in nature (Brexendorf, Bayus Keller, 2015) Weaknesses The company has a low awareness about the brand against the entire world Another main weakness of the company is that it offers the clothing mainly for the women The company is not able to enjoy the sales of the sportswear clothes for men The organization uses low budget with regard to advertisements that are shown in TV The other weakness for low desire of the product from different target customers Opportunities There are different markets in Australia that sells sportswear for men in the market This is a perfect opportunity for Lorna Jane in order to develop products in the untapped potential of the competitive market The opportunities has to be properly utilized by the company in order to gain huge customer base Threats The major threat from the different firms that are new in the market wherein most of them uses technology that are modern in nature The other major threat that is faced by the company is that there are different men who are associated with the owner of the business and this implies that the company cannot excel in the production and manufacture of the clothes in the competitive market The other threat that is faced by the Lorna Brand that it is a premium brand and the customers in the market can migrate to the other brands that are lower in cost and they are cost effective as well The cost of manufacturing as well as quality of product may degrade in comparison to other competitors in the market The brand equity is defined as the commercial value that helps in deriving from the perception of the customers of the brand name of a particular service or product rather than the service or product itself. Lorna Jane can expand the business with the help of ecommerce and this will help them in gaining proper brand equity and competitive advantage as well. Proper active as well as healthy will be trendy always and this will help them in targeting communication campaigns as this will help in developing brand ideologies and improve the corporate social responsibility as well. Conclusion Therefore, it can be inferred that Lorna Jane must try to expand the business in different sectors of the world as this will help them in gaining proper competitive advantage in the competitive market. The main motto of Lorna Jane is to stay healthy and active and this is enhanced by them by developing different ideologies that helps in enhancing the awareness of the campaigns and engage in the improvement of the CSR. References Brexendorf, T. O., Bayus, B., Keller, K. L. (2015). Understanding the interplay between brand and innovation management: findings and future research directions.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,43(5), 548-557. Buil, I., De Chernatony, L., Martnez, E. (2013). Examining the role of advertising and sales promotions in brand equity creation.Journal of Business Research,66(1), 115-122. Choi, T. M. (2014).Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors. Springer New York. Ho, C. H., Chiu, K. H., Chen, H., Papazafeiropoulou, A. (2015). Can internet blogs be used as an effective advertising tool? The role of product blog type and brand awareness.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,28(3), 346-362. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Hutter, K., Hautz, J., Dennhardt, S., Fller, J. (2013). The impact of user interactions in social media on brand awareness and purchase intention: the case of MINI on Facebook.Journal of Product Brand Management,22(5/6), 342-351. Jillapalli, R. K., Jillapalli, R. (2014). Do professors have customer-based brand equity?.Journal of Marketing for Higher Education,24(1), 22-40. Kapferer, J. N. (2017). Managing luxury brands. InAdvances in Luxury Brand Management(pp. 235-249). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Keller, K. L. (2016). Reflections on customer-based brand equity: perspectives, progress, and priorities.AMS review,6(1-2), 1-16. Lorna Jane. 2015. Lorna Jane Active Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/lornajane.active. Mizik, N. (2014, December). Assessing the total financial performance impact of brand equity with limited time-series data. American Marketing Association. Rossolatos, G. (2014).Brand equity planning with structuralist rhetorical semiotics. kassel university press GmbH. Rubio, N., Oubia, J., Villaseor, N. (2014). Brand awarenessBrand quality inference and consumers risk perception in store brands of food products.Food quality and preference,32, 289-298. Sasmita, J., Mohd Suki, N. (2015). Young consumers insights on brand equity: Effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand awareness, and brand image.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,43(3), 276-292. eri?, M., Gil-Saura, I., Ruiz-Molina, M. E. (2014). How can integrated marketing communications and advanced technology influence the creation of customer-based brand equity? Evidence from the hospitality industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,39, 144-156. Severi, E., Ling, K. C. (2013). The mediating effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand image and perceived quality on brand equity.Asian Social Science,9(3), 125. Su, J., Tong, X. (2015). Brand personality and brand equity: evidence from the sportswear industry.Journal of Product Brand Management,24(2), 124-133. Urde, M., Baumgarth, C., Merrilees, B. (2013). Brand orientation and market orientationFrom alternatives to synergy.Journal of Business Research,66(1), 13-20. Wong, T., Wickham, M. (2015). An examination of Marriott's entry into the Chinese hospitality industry: A Brand Equity perspective.Tourism Management,48, 439-454. Yan Xin, J., Ramayah, T., Soto-Acosta, P., Popa, S., Ai Ping, T. (2014). Analyzing the use of Web 2.0 for brand awareness and competitive advantage: An empirical study in the Malaysian hospitability industry.Information Systems Management,31(2), 96-103.

The Last mercy Review Essay Example

The Last mercy Review Paper Essay on The Last mercy Canadian author Louise Penny produced numerous awards for his fine detectives in which the investigation is suave Armand Gamache, senior police inspector of Quebec. Gamache intelligent, observant and invincible these attributes characterize a well-experienced detective series. Pennys charms well-crafted mystery of an ancient family whose old unhealed wounds lead him to the ultimate destruction. Psychological acuity, and excellent prose ingenious mystery makes every book worth reading for fans of detective stories and lovers of great literature. The seasonal cycle of detectives of Senior Inspector Gamache novel begins with something to hide a dead man. Total detectives in a series of four. The latter, released this year A RULE AGAINST MURDER / (THE MURDER STONE) However, the Russian language is translated only two first novel, What hid the dead and Last mercy, which at present time and presented on the website. Once upon a time gladly read the first book of Louise Penny something to hide a corpse. Because I do not like to read the summary before reading the book, and the work itself bought only because the author does not suggest that Last mercy will be a continuation. So it was nice to get back into the Three Pines and meet its inhabitants and Inspector Gamache. We will write a custom essay sample on The Last mercy Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Last mercy Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Last mercy Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The small village of Three Pines, where even at Christmas (and the action takes place in the Christmas season), life goes steadily and slowly. Similarly, steadily and slowly flowing narrative novel. Once again, I convinced that Louise Penny a master of detail. Everything is so well written, down to the last detail, that at some point, it begins to seem that already and itself exist picture in this. Not too busy detective, perhaps someone will seem boring, but the author so skillfully throws the puzzle and intrigue throughout the book, like a magician pulling a rabbit out of a hat, do not read to the end it is simply impossible. I liked about the meaning of life. And happiness. I am a happy man. And the most important thing that I know about it. And like God. Believe that in difficult times I will meet my personal Perhaps it should be said about the awards, which won the Louise Penny book:  «last favor » (A FATAL GRACE / DEAD COLD) In the list of US bestsellers, Australia, and Canada is one of the best books of 2007 the magazine Deadly Pleasures magazine the United States, Starred Reviews, Kirkus and Library journal  «What hides The dead man  »( « STILL LIFE  ») The winner of the prestigious Anthony award for the best debut novel in the United States. The winner of Barry awards approved by the readers of Mystery News and Deadly Pleasures Magazines  »in the US Winner of the Dilys Award -. in 2007, according to Aso iatsii store detective fiction in the United States, the book is very well sold 2006 New Blood Dagger -. 2006 for the best detective debut, the award given by the Association of British detective writers Arthur Ellis Award -. 2006 for the best detective debut, the award given detective novelist Canada. in the list of Canadas best-selling and the Association of detective fiction shops novel entered the top ten of the best detectives in 2006, according to the  «Kirkus Reiview ». and a few words from the most Louise: I grew up on the books of Agatha Christie and others ugih authors Zloty century detective. And I am deeply indebted to them. For many hours of comfort. And fun. For the opportunity to escape into a world that seemed to me my own. They were my companions at the time of loneliness. Created me company when I was sick.

Ancient Celtics essays

Ancient Celtics essays The Celtic peoples existence can be traced over more than twenty-five centuries. Celts occupied vast lands currently known as Eastern Europe, Greece, Northern Italy, Western Europe, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. By about 500 BC, the Celts had spread to France, Portugal, Spain, the British Isles, and Northern Italy. The history and literature of the non-literate culture was preserved through spoken tradition. The texts left by classical authors were the only written records of their civilization, the first of which appeared in 500 BC. These accounts, inaccurate as they may be, show that the Celts came into cultural contact, and sometimes competition, with the Romans and the Greeks. The Celts impressed the Greeks and Romans not only with their bold dress but also with their powerful appearance, particularly their tall stature. Ancient observers generally characterized them as people with fair hair, usually red or blonde, and light complexions. Most Celtic ladies usually towered over the average Roman citizen. Celtic women, upon maturing, caught on to braided hair, and colorful embroidered dresses were very popular. Plaids and wrapped woven cloaks were popular for women and men, and gold and silver toques, arm rills and rings decorated rich Celts. Gaelic men most likely spiked their hair and bleached it to a light blonde with chalky water, and had long beards, while the Bretons and Picts had blue tattoos on their arms and faces. Celtic art originated with sculpture making and carving and metal work. Coptic Christian Manuscripts later introduced knot works to Celtic art. It wasnt until the 15th century that the spinning wheel was invented. Before the spinning wheel was invented the only way was to use a distaff and spindle. The left hand held the distaff while the spindle was held in the right hand. Celts spun both wool and flax. Women always carried out the craft of spinning. To be...

Quartzite Rock Geology and Uses

Quartzite Rock Geology and Uses Quartzite is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock that consists mostly of quartz. Its usually a white to pale gray rock, but occurs in other colors, including red and pink (from iron oxide), yellow, blue, green, and orange. The rock has a grainy surface with a sandpaper texture, but polishes to a glassy shine. Key Takeaways: Quartzite Rock Quartzite is a hard, nonfoliated metamorphic rock formed by the action of heat and pressure upon sandstone.Usually, the rock is white or gray, but it occurs in other pale colors. It has a grainy, rough surface. Magnification reveals a mosaic of quartz crystals.Pure quartzite consists entirely of silicon dioxide, but usually iron oxide and trace minerals are present.Quartzite occurs in folded mountain ranges at convergent plate boundaries worldwide. How Quartzite Forms Quartzite forms when pure or nearly pure quartz sandstone undergoes heating and pressure. Usually this is caused by tectonic compression. The sand grains of sandstone melt and recrystallize, cemented together by silica. Quartzite arenite is the intermediate stage between sandstone and quartzite. Arenite is still considered to be a sedimentary rock, but it has an extremely high quartz content. However, its difficult to identify the transition from sandstone to quartzite. Some geologists use the term quartzite to refer to metamorphic rocks consisting almost exclusively of quartz. Here, quartzite is identified by the way it fractures across grain boundaries, while arenite breaks around them. Other geologists simply identify quartzite as a tightly-cemented rock found above or below a band of sedimentary quartz rock. Quartzite Composition Quartzite consists almost entirely of silicon dioxide, SiO2. If the purity is about 99% SiO2, the rock is called orthquartzite. Otherwise, quartzite commonly contains iron oxide and may contain trace amounts of the minerals rutile, zircon, and magnetite. Quartzite may contain fossils. Properties Quartzite has a Mohs hardness of 7, which is comparable to that of quartz and considerably harder than sandstone. Like glass and obsidian, it breaks with a conchoidal fracture. Its coarse texture makes it difficult to hone to a fine edge. Under magnification, quartzites interlocking crystal structure becomes apparent. Magnified thin section of quartzite displays its mineralogy. Jackdaan88 Where to Find Quartzite Quartzite forms at convergent tectonic plate boundaries. Converging plates bury sandstone and exert compression. As the boundary folds, mountains arise. Thus, quartzite is found in folded mountain ranges worldwide. While erosion weathers softer rock away, quartzite remains, forming peaks and cliffs. The rock also litters mountain sides as scree. Quartzite cliffs surround Lake Oberon in Tasmania, Australia. Whitworth Images / Getty Images In the United States, you can find quartzite in eastern South Dakota, southwestern Minnesota, the Wasatch Range of Utah, the Baraboo Range of Wisconsin, Central Texas, near Washington, D.C., portions of Pennsylvania, and the mountains of Arizona and California. The town of Quartzite in Arizona takes its name from the rock in the nearby mountains. Quartzite occurs throughout the United Kingdom, the La Cloche Mountains in Canada, the Rhenish Massif in Continental Europe, Brazil, Poland, and the Chimanimani Plateau of Mozambique. Uses Quartzites strength and toughness lends itself to many uses. Crushed quartzite is used in road construction and for railway ballast. It is used to make roofing tiles, stairs, and flooring. When cut and polished, the rock is quite beautiful, as well as durable. It is used to make kitchen countertops and decorative walls. High-purity quartzite is used to make silica sand, ferrosilicon, silicon carbide, and silicon. Paleolithic humans sometimes made stone tools out of quartzite, although it was harder to work than flint or obsidian. Quartzite Versus Quartz and Marble Quartzite is a metamorphic rock, while quartz is an igneous rock that crystallizes from magma or precipiates around hydrothermal vents. Sandstone under pressure becomes quartz arenite and quartzite, but quartzite does not become quartz. The construction industry further complicates the matter. If you buy quartz for countertops, it is actually an engineered material made from crushed quartz, resin, and pigments and not the natural rock. Another rock commonly confused with quartzite is marble. Both quartzite and marble tend to be pale-colored, non-foliated rock. Despite having a similar appearance, marble is a metamorphic rock made from recrystallized carbonate minerals, not silicates. Marble is softer than quartzite. An excellent test to distinguish the two is to apply a bit of vinegar or lemon juice to the rock. Quartzite is impervious to weak acid etching, but marble will bubble and retain a mark. Sources Blatt, Harvey; Tracy, Robert J. (1996). Petrology: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic (2nd ed.). Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-2438-3.Gottman, John W. (1979). Wasatch quartzite: A guide to climbing in the Wasatch Mountains. Wasatch Mountain Club. ISBN 0-915272-23-7.Krukowski, Stanley T. (2006). Specialty Silica Materials. In Jessica Elzea Kogel; Nikhil C. Trivedi; James M. Barker; Stanley T. Krukowski. Industrial minerals rocks: commodities, markets, and uses (7 ed.). Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (U.S.). ISBN 0-87335-233-5.Marshak, Stephen (2016). Essentials of Geology (5th ed.). W. W. Norton Company. ISBN 978-0393601107.

Paper 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper 1 - Essay Example The spreading of foreclosure has still not halted as the unemployment rates at 9 percent is the worst happenings US economy ever witnessed. The BOA stock dropped almost 29 percent in the last year is the worst performance in its history. In fact, BOA themselves admitted that they had undermined the mortgage crisis. They are trapped in the falling home price vortex for that leads to more defaults and then to claims from mortgage investors. After second quarter results got public declaring $8.8 billion losses, share price spurted by 28 cents. The phenomena can be explained by not the fundamentals of the company but by the technical analysis as stock market tends to move in opposite direction (contrary to the expectations of masses) for a short while; however a long term direction of the market follows fundamentals that is what happened with BOA also as the stock price is currently, as on 7/25, down at $10.01 having picked $10.23 on 7/21. The long term movement of the stock price of BOA will depend upon how the mortgage market takes turn in the coming months. (Historical prices, 2011) The BOA is not a safe buy now for there are no clear signs of economic recovery in general and housing market in particular. Moreover, unemployment rate is still hovering around 9 percent for the last several quarters. Housing market will improve only when unemployment rate improves and thereby the fortune of Bank of America. Wells Fargo came out with the results of second quarter showing net income of $3.9 billion that comes to 70 cents a share. The earning was up by 29% from 55 cents a share when compared with the figure of a year ago and that is in spite of â€Å"no remarkable change† in economy at macro level; however the revenue was down by 4.7%. That is indeed a good showing by Wells Fargo. Wells Fargos quality of home portfolio can be gauged by its

Oil and Gas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Oil and Gas - Essay Example This could be described by a comparative analysis between a China, a developing economy and Russia, a developed economy. Diamond Theory The management of the global completions by the oil capitals can be explained with the management theory and the international competitiveness of Countries also called the ‘Diamond Theory’. The Diamond theory was advanced by Porter in 1990 to explain the competitive advantages of nations (Woolsey and Korin, 2008). The main focus of the theory was to find why some countries are more successful in particular industries than others. Four classes of country attributes were identified by Porter, which were called the National Diamond. These attributes provide the conditions underlying for the determination of the nation competitive advantage of a nation. These are the company strategy, structure and rivalry, related and support industries, demand conditions and factor conditions. Government policy and chance are two other factors that donâ₠¬â„¢t create lasting competitive advantages but support and complement the system of national competitiveness (Aberdeen City Council and Aberdeen shire Council, 2001). The role of government as a stakeholder seeks to strengthen local capabilities for innovation in China and Russia using the Diamond Theory- The success of government in the Oil and Gas industry in Russia and China can be explained by Diamond Theory. Four classes of country attributes providing the conditions underlying for the determination of the nation competitive advantage of a nation were identified by Porter, also called the National Diamond are: 1. The company strategy-The Chinese government took the decision to restructure the petroleum and petrochemical industry in 1998 using the upstream and downstream principles of integration. As a result Foundation of CNPC and Sinopec took place. The merger of CNOOC Limited with CNOOC, PetroChina Company Limited with CNPC, China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation to Sinopec, were successfully founded. A crucial role is played by the Oil and gas industry in the political and economic development of Russia. Russia’s energy sector accounts for approximately 66% of its exports. The GDP contribution of the oil and gas sector is 30% of its GDP and 50% of the revenue generated from Federal Budgets. (Feng, Lianyong and et al. 2013) 2. The structure and rivalry- On the basis of launch of four exploration fields including, marine, overseas, eastern and western regions, oil reserves and output steadily increased in China. A high level annual increase of 100 million tons was seen from proven Chinese oil geological reserves. In the beginning of the 21st century, a major challenge was presented to the Russian Government due to the dramatic increase in the value of oil and gas resources of Russia, greater state intervention in the economy and increased budgetary revenues were followed by the increased prices of the resources. With the increased dependency on t he energy sector in Russia as a result of the economic crisis of 2008-2009, the state-capitalist model was developed. (Sharples, 2012) 3. The

Cooking Methods Essay Example for Free

Cooking Methods Essay Baking is a way of cooking sweet or savory items in the dry heat of an oven. Although baking itself is a relatively easy process, it is good to have some knowledge of the role each ingredient plays in creating the final dish. Barbecuing: Nothing beats the deep, rich flavor of good barbecue. In the United States, barbecue refers to the slow, indirect cooking of meats over a wood, charcoal or gas flame. The meat is often seasoned with rubs, sauces or mops. This same method is known as barbie in Australia and braai in South Africa. Asian barbecue, on the other hand, uses thinly sliced meat and seafood, often highly seasoned, that is quick-cooked on a hot grill or a searing hotplate Deep Frying: Who doesnt love fried food? Deep frying may not be the most calorie-poor way to prepare food, but it certainly produces some of the worlds tastiest. The high heat of the oil seals in a foods moisture and crisps up the outside, giving that irresistable pairing of crunchy and juicy Grilling: Grilling is the quick cooking of meat, fish or vegetables over intense heat. The source of the heat can be burning wood, simmering coals, a gas flame, or an electric heating element. A related method is broiling, but with broiling the heat source comes from the top instead of the bottom Roasting: Roasting is the slow cooking of meat, poultry, fish or vegetables, uncovered, with dry, indirect heat. Spit roasting was the original form. In the modern kitchen, the dry heat of an oven is preferred. Roasting is a method best used with large cuts of meat, whole poultry, whole fish, or with sturdy vegetables such as carrots, potatoes and onions. Steaming: As the term implies, steaming involves suspending food over simmering or boiling water and cooking it with the resulting steam. Steaming as a method is valued for the fact that it preserves vitamins and minerals in the food that might otherwise be washed away with boiling. It is also a way to cut back on fat, since none is needed, unlike sauteing or grilling.

Fred :: essays research papers

There once was a planet inhabited by ape like creatures. All of their names were fred. Anyways... one day fred went on an adventure to fred's store to buy a pack of gum. He noticed the employee of the month had the same name as his and he purchased the gum and chewed the first piece. It was grape flavored, fred's favorite. On the way home, fred saw his best friend fred, sitting on a bench with his brown bagged lunch which had been packed 3 hours previous by fred's mother, fred. So fred went up to his best friend fred, and said, "I'll trade ya a stick of gum for one item in your lunch." Fred agreed to this with much enthusiam. Fred looked through his friend's lunch and found 3 items of interest, a bolongia sandwhich, a golden toothpick, and some tree bark. Fred's instinct was to pick the tree bark, but thinking with his head he realized he should choose the bolongia sandwhich. So fred made the wise choice and headed home with his bolongia sandwhich. He ran home so excitedly just like a monkey should. But as he got to his street, fred street, he saw that there had been a big brush fire that swept through his block and wiped out everything he held true and dear. It didn't burn his house down or anything but it melted his prized collection of wax figurines which made fred very very sad. Moving on to the next order of business, fred drove his hovercraft car to the Secretary of State that day to pick up his custom liscence plate which read, FRED, he was on a waiting list for 3 years before he could purchase such a thing due to all the people living on his planet with the first name of Fred. Which is strange because fred isn't all that common a name on other planets. On fred's way to the DMV he got stopped by the police for speeding in a slow zone. You see, there are no speed limits on this planet, only zones, zones for going fast and zones for going slow, so fred was stopped by the police officer and sat waiting for the police man to give him his ticket, when all of a sudden his hover car ran out of fuel. The fuel for his hover car was interesting because it's not radio active or anything, it runs mud, the muddier, the better.

Operatiom Process of Kfc Essay

Throughout the industry of fast-food, there were so many organisations which gained power and title for them, such as McDonald, Pizza Hut, Burger King, Pizza Domino, etc. In the list of these successful fast-food organisations, KFC is also one of the best organisation which gained their title and power for more than 80 years. KFC is a chain of fast food restaurants and first established known as Yum! Brands. However, the organisation name has been change since 1952. Until now, KFC – Kentucky Fried Chicken is the third largest fast-food organisation in the world. KFC has more than 14,000 outlets and in more than 80 countries around the world, serving about 12 million customers each day. (KFC Franchise Opportunity, 2007) PART 1 II – BUILDING BLOCKS: First of all, we need to analyze the general process of KFC. For the customer’s order, customer can have many choices to order food and meal from KFC. They can choose to dine in KFC restaurant which the process was order food, pay for food, eating food and leave. Or customer may order for delivering with fast or normal service, for a family’s meal or a party. More convenient, if customer is driving car, they can choose whether to park the car then dine in the restaurant or buying food by the fast service of KFC. * KFC general restaurant layout: KFC’s restaurant layout also has helped the organisation. In order to have a good layout, KFC’s purpose was planning and arrangement of all machines, utilities, staff room, kitchen, customer service areas, material storage areas, aisles, restrooms, internal walls, offices, and children area, which aim for the good flow of materials and customer. Moreover, also need to consider about the time, for example, demand for food of customer may high during breakfast, lunch and dinner. Parents may choose the KFC restaurant for running a birthday parties for their children on Saturday or Sunday and some other different event. By understanding the important of time and location, management of KFC can determine what size or how big their outlets should be in order to appropriate on each different circumstance and environment condition. * Value Added: The capacity of KFC restaurant which means how big the restaurant should be and where it should be locate is also important and contribute greatly to their operating management. If their outlets locate in a good place and got many good conditions for them such as skill labor, good supplier, high business climate or populated areas, their operating process will get started easier and more effectively. 4/ WORKFORCE: KFC has a slogan for their employees were that â€Å"makes more friends, earn some cash†.

Fear as Persuasion in the Crucible and Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God Essay

Fear is a strong tool to use when persuading people and trying to get what you want. Just as if a murder held a gun to someone’s head, that person would be submissive to the murderer, Jonathon Edwards and characters in The Crucible install fear into people to achieve certain goals. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God uses fear for good and to help people, while The Crucible uses it for both good and as an evil way to manipulate people. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God is a sermon preached by Jonathon Edwards. He tries to scare the congregation in order to save them from going to Hell. One way that he does this is by using the metaphor of God being angry at everyone with a bow and arrow pointed directly at each person; the congregation realizes that they could die at any minute and if they aren’t saved, they will fall into a â€Å"lake of burning brimstone [that] is extended abroad under [them]† (Edwards 103,102). Edwards also compares what would keep the lost from going to Hell to a spider web trying to stop a falling rock (Edwards 102). He tries to establish fear into his audience by telling them that God holds them over Hell just like â€Å"one holds a spider, or a loathsome insect† and this God also has â€Å"wrath towards [them that] burns like fire† (Edward 103). Jonathon Edwards preached this sermon so that the congregation will feel as though they had no other option than to accept Christ as their savior that very day if they hadn’t already. This approach shown to be very effective and sparked the â€Å"Great Awakening† of this time period. Not only is fear used as a tool for persuasion in Jonathon Edwards, sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, but it is also used in The Crucible. Reverend Parris and his niece, Abigail, instate fear into people for two completely different reasons. Parris uses fear in his â€Å"Brimstone and Fire† types of sermons. He states that â€Å"there is either obedience or the church will burn like Hell is burning,† to show that the people who are part of his congregations should do as there told (Miller 926). On the other hand, Abigail uses fear to manipulate situations and get what she wants. She tries to keep herself out of trouble by telling Betty that she’ll beat her if Betty doesn’t quite faking sick (Miller 919). She also threatens Mercy Warren and tells her that â€Å"[she] can make [her] wish [she] had never seen the sun go down† (Miller 920). She spats this because she thinks that Mercy Warren may squeal about what happened in the woods. Abigail also uses fear to try to get attention, choose who is charged with witchcraft, and get John Proctor all to herself. Making someone afraid of you is like attaching strings to a puppet; it allows one to manipulate the subject into doing whatever he or she wants the person to do. The Crucible shows how one can use fear to make people submissive unto oneself, but it ultimately ends up creating a crazy mess and limits one’s opportunities. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God demonstrates how one can also use fear in people to straighten them up and help them out. Fear is a strong an effective way to persuade people.

Uniform Policy should be abolished in Asian High Schools

Uniform Policy should be abolished in Asian High Schools Introduction It is universally accepted that schools are the most appropriate venues from where knowledge and skills can be imparted to students. Policy makers and educators all over the world try to come up with the best form of education for the school-aged citizens. In the Asian high schools, educators make use of policies that are aimed at promoting the best outcome from students. One of the policies widely applied by high schools in South Korea, China, and Japan is mandatory school uniforms.[1]Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Uniform Policy should be abolished in Asian High Schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Proponents of this policy argue that it leads to the best educational outcomes by students. However, this view is not unanimous and opponents of the policy asset that students should have the freedom to wear regular clothes. This paper will set out to argue that the school uniform policy in Asian high schools should be abolished since the policy prevents students from having individuality. The paper will demonstrate that the uniform policy is unjustifiable since in one of its core aspiration, which is to enhance discipline among students. Why the Uniform Policy should be Abolished By being forced to dress in a certain way, school uniforms limit a students individuality. The school uniform promotes conformity as all senses of individuality in the student are blurred when they are forced to wear similar outfits. Han declares that the uniform policy ends up covering the differences that exist in the school setting.[2] The school uniform policy ignores the reality that we live in a diverse world where people have different tastes and preferences. This diversity is informed by the cultural background and individual experiences of the individual. When students are allowed to wear unique clothes, they have the avenue to express their unique individuality and celebrate the differences th at exist amongst themselves. One argument made by proponents of school uniforms is that it equalizes students and ensures that there is no distinction among students.[3] By wearing uniforms, there is no opportunity for class or social distinction since wealthier students and poorer students are all forced to dress in the same way.[4] However, the fact is that differences exist among individuals in society. Instead of looking for ways to suppress these differences, schools should promote good relationships among students of varying cultural and socio-economic backgrounds. Some researchers argue that by suppressing the individuality of the student, the uniform policy prevents the society from addressing issues such as inequality and stereotyping. The conformity promoted by the uniform policy has a negative impact on student creativity. When students are allowed to wear their normal home clothes, they have an opportunity to demonstrate their creativity. Schools that do not have a manda tory uniform policy also convey a spirit of innovation and originality.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In such an environment, students are inspired to exercise their creativity. Creativity is necessary for the future prosperity of the society since it leads to new inventions and innovations. As institutions that nurture skills and promote the development of talents in students, schools are supposed to promote creativity. By encouraging uniformity, the school uniform policy extinguishes the flame of creativity in students making them less productive members of the society. School uniforms also decrease the independence of students since educators encourage individuals to act in a similar fashion. Nemoto declares that uniforms have a negative effect on the development of students independent spirit.[5] The uniform policy therefore discourages a culture of innovation among th e students. The school uniform policy violates the rights of the student since they are denied their freedom of choice and expression. Even through students are not fully self-reliant citizens, they are entitled to some basic rights in society. One of these rights is the freedom of expression, which articulates the right of the student to express himself to the public as long as it is in an appropriate manner. Studies indicate that most students, especially from urban areas, have a poor perception of school uniforms. However, they are still obligated to wear the uniforms since it is mandatory school policy. The uniform policy is therefore perceived by many as an infringement on their freedoms. In most cases, students in Asian high schools are unable to demonstrate against the perceived injustice against them. As such, school uniforms promote compliancy even when those in authority are trampling upon the rights of the individual. Opponents of the school uniform policy assert that it leads to the formation of students who are unlikely to value the ideals of freedom of expression. In the Asian countries, students are displeased with the imposition of the uniform policy. However, they have to wear their uniforms and there is little public opposition to the policy. Greater priority is placed on respect and obedience to the authorities. Amita suggests that school uniforms encourage a subservient attitude by the student.[6] This attitude is carried forward into the society where students will continue to demonstrate great obedience to the authorities even when they feel that their rights are being infringed upon Arguments in Support of Uniform Policy and Refutations Advocates of the school uniform policy in Asian high schools argue that uniforms eliminate competition among students as each student has the same outfit.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Uniform Policy should be abolished in Asian High Schools specifically for you for only $16. 05 $11/page Learn More They further contend that wearing a school uniform decreases non-academic distractions since students will not waste time wearing flashing clothes to impress their peers. These assertions are supported by research findings by Firmin and Smith, which demonstrate that competition exists among high school students and many students wear particular clothes for the express reason of showing off to their friends.[7] Teachers and parents are of the opinion that uniforms can eliminate teasing and competition among peers. While mitigating competition and teasing in high schools is a noble endeavor, uniforms may not be the solution to this problem. Studies demonstrate that uniforms are unlikely to alter negative interactions among students at school.[8] Even when in uniform, students still engage in deleterious acts such as teasing and bullying. Competition is still rife with students looking for new avenues to show off to their peers. In Japan, some stu dents decorate their clothes or wear bright accessories to differentiate themselves from others. The competition elimination role that school uniforms supposedly play is therefore not realized in the Asian high schools. School uniform policy supporters believe that school uniforms encourage good behavior and conformity by students. In most cases, teachers promote the enforcement of uniform policy since they believe that if students are allowed to show individuality or originality in appearance, they are more likely to be rebellious against teachers or school rules.[9] The psychological development of high school students increases the likelihood that they will engage in rebellious behavior. Research indicates that there are instances where mandatory a school uniform policy leads to the reduction in problem behaviors among the students.[10] However, the relationship between implementing a mandatory school uniform policy and bad behavior mitigation is not always straightforward. Most studies that show an inverse relationship between school uniforms and the number of students problem behaviors fail to consider the numerous school safety initiatives that have an impact on student behavior. If these external factors are considered, it will be observed that school uniforms do not lead to a reduction in the frequency of students problem behaviors. Educators are tempted to use the uniform policy as an easy way to control students problem behavior and create a safe school environment. However, research indicates that the uniform policy by itself does not fulfill these roles. In addition to this, there is evidence suggesting that imposing school uniforms on students might actually exacerbate the situation of problematic behavior.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In some Asian countries such as South Korea and Japan where teachers enforce the uniform policy strictly, incidents of rebellion are higher. Some students engage in bad behavior as a protest and deliberately break school rules or commit other misdeeds. Research by Rockquemore and Brunsma actually demonstrates that students who wore uniforms had worse behavior problems than all other students.[11] Supporters of school uniforms in Asian schools declare that uniforms prevent delinquent behavior by students outside the school setting. These advocates reveal that by forcing students to wear students, they are easily identifiable in the public and they are unlikely to engage in delinquent acts. Empirical tests confirm that uniforms may be effective in decreasing delinquent behavior such as vandalism, theft, and burglary since the person is easily identifiable as a student.[12] However, this preventative role only applies to students who are not motivated to engage in antisocial behavior i n the first place. Research indicates that students who are motivated to engage will still find ways to carry out offenses even if they are forced to wear uniforms. Students can carry a change of clothing in a bag and therefore be free of their uniforms before getting home. They can then engage in delinquent behavior without anyone noticing that they are students. Research by Rockquemore and Brunsma indicated that uniforms had no effects of the behavior of students and they did not promote positive behavior[13]. Instead, any positive behavior was the result of social relations and values held by the students. Advocate of school uniforms policy in high schools state that school uniforms improve the academic outcomes of students. This claim gives great weight to imposition of school uniforms among Asian schools since every stakeholder in the educational sector wants to see students achieve the best educational results. Some research findings on the impact of school uniforms on test sc ores suggest that there is a positive correlation between the two.[14] According to a research conducted by Bodine, students from schools were a uniform policy was implemented demonstrated better academic performance than students from schools where no uniforms were used.[15] The idea that school uniforms increase academic performance has been refuted by further research. Kerry and Brunsma contend that the claims that uniforms increase student achievement are not supported by research findings.[16] Furthermore, research findings demonstrate that academic outcomes of students are determined by multiple factors including; student capability, teacher competence, school administrative policies, and student socio-economic status.[17] It would therefore be very misguided to attribute good performance to the school uniform policy. Any attempt by educators in Asian high schools to utilize school uniforms to deliver high academic performance is bound to fail. Discussion The high school unifo rm policy is widely promoted by educators and policy makers in Asian countries. This overwhelming support for a uniform policy is prompted by perceived positive outcomes attributed to implementing such a policy.[18] The expansive implementation of the school uniform policy in high schools in Japan, South Korea, and China is not based on evidence from empirical studies on the positive outcomes from this policy. Research findings overwhelming show that there are limited positive results achieved by implementing the uniform policy in high schools. Students who wear uniforms do not demonstrate stronger pro-school attitudes or better behavior than their peers who do not wear uniforms. Conclusion This paper set out to argue that the school uniform policy should be abolished in Asian high schools. It began by highlighting that the uniform policy is enforced out of the perceived advantages to be gained by having students in uniform outfit. The paper has demonstrated that the uniform policy leads to negative outcomes by preventing individuality and creativity among students. The policy also infringe on the freedom of expression that should be enjoyed by the students. The best society is one where citizens enjoy certain freedoms and are able to confront the authority when their freedoms are violated. From the arguments presented in this paper, it is clear that the uniform policy does not promote the development of such a society. From the evidence presented in this paper, it is clear that the positive perception toward school uniforms is based on faulty assumptions. In reality, school uniforms do not have positive effects on the learning outcomes and behavior of students, or school climate in Asian high schools. The uniform policy should therefore be abolished in Asian high schools in order to avoid the numerous demerits attributed to them and therefore guarantee a better future for the students. Bibliography Bodine, Anne. â€Å"School Uniforms, Academic Achievement, a nd Uses of Research.† Journal of Educational Research 97, no.2 (2003): 67-71. Brunsma, David. The School Uniform Movement and What It Tells Us About American Education: A Symbolic Crusade. NY: RL Education, 2004. Brunsma, David and Rockquemore Kerry. â€Å"Statistics, Sound Bites, and School Uniforms: A Reply to Bodine.† Journal of Educational Research 97, no.2 (2003): 72-77. Firmin, Michael and Smith Suzanne. â€Å"School Uniforms: A Qualitative Analysis of Aims and Accomplishments at Two Christian Schools.† Journal of Research on Christian Education 15, no.2 (2006): 143-168. Gentile, Elisabetta and Imberman Scott. â€Å"Dressed for Success? The Effect of School Uniforms on Student Achievement and Behavior.† Journal of Educational Research 103, no.1 (2010): 17-31. Gupta, Amita. Going to school in South Asia. Boston: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. Han, Seunghee. â€Å"A Mandatory Uniform Policy in Urban Schools: Findings from the School Survey on Crime and Safety: 2003-04.† International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership 5, no. 8 (2010): 1-13. Ishtiaq, Ahmed. The Politics of Religion in South and Southeast Asia. NY: Taylor Francis, 2011. Nault, Derrick. â€Å"The State and Uniform Policy.† Asia Journal of Global Studies 3, no. 1 (2003): 40-49. Nemoto, Yasuhiro. The Japanese Education System. NY: Universal-Publishers, 1999. Rockquemore, Kerry and Brunsma David. â€Å"Effects of student uniforms on attendance, behavior problems, substance use, and academic achievement.† The Journal of Educational Research 92, no. 1 (1998): 53-62. Seth, Micheal. Education fever: society, politics, and the pursuit of schooling in South Korea. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 2002. Footnotes Yasuhiro Nemoto, The Japanese Education System (NY: Universal-Publishers, 1999), 75. Han Seunghee, â€Å"A Mandatory Uniform Policy in Urban Schools: Findings from the School Survey on Crime and Safety: 2003-04,† Internatio nal Journal of Education Policy and Leadership 5, no. 8 (2010): 3. Ahmed Ishtiaq, The Politics of Religion in South and Southeast Asia (NY: Taylor Francis, 2011), 34. Micheal Seth, Education fever: society, politics, and the pursuit of schooling in South Korea (Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 2002), 35. Yasuhiro, 74. Amita Gupta, Going to school in South Asia (Boston: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007), 32. Michael Firmin and Suzanne Smith, â€Å"School Uniforms: A Qualitative Analysis of Aims and Accomplishments at Two Christian Schools,† Journal of Research on Christian Education 15, no.2 (2006): 165. David Brunsma, The School Uniform Movement and What It Tells Us About American Education: A Symbolic Crusade (NY: RL Education, 2004), 35. Nemoto, 74. Han, 9. Kerry Rockquemore and David Brunsma, â€Å"Effects of student uniforms on attendance, behavior problems, substance use, and academic achievement,† The Journal of Educational Research 92, no. 1 (1998): 58. Davi d, 40. Kerry and David, 58. Elisabetta Gentile and Scott Imberman, â€Å"Dressed for Success? The Effect of School Uniforms on Student Achievement and Behavior.† Journal of Educational Research 103, no.1 (2010): 18. Anne Bodine, â€Å"School Uniforms, Academic Achievement, and Uses of Research,† Journal of Educational Research 97, no.2 (2003): 67. Kerry and David, 58 David Brunsma and Kerry Rockquemore, â€Å"Statistics, Sound Bites, and School Uniforms: A Reply to Bodine,† Journal of Educational Research 97, no.2 (2003): 72. Derrick Nault, â€Å"The State and Uniform Policy,† Asia Journal of Global Studies 3, no. 1 (2003): 42.

An Introduction to Psychological Warfare

An Introduction to Psychological Warfare Psychological warfare is the planned tactical use of propaganda, threats, and other non-combat techniques during wars, threats of war, or periods of geopolitical unrest to mislead, intimidate, demoralize, or otherwise influence the thinking or behavior of an enemy. While all nations employ it, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) lists the tactical goals of psychological warfare (PSYWAR) or psychological operations (PSYOP) as: Assisting in overcoming an enemy’s will to fightSustaining the morale and winning the alliance of friendly groups in countries occupied by the enemyInfluencing the morale and attitudes of people in friendly and neutral countries toward the United States To achieve their objectives, the planners of psychological warfare campaigns first attempt to gain total knowledge of the beliefs, likes, dislikes, strengths, weaknesses, and vulnerabilities of the target population. According to the CIA, knowing what motivates the target is the key to a successful PSYOP.   A War of the Mind As a non-lethal effort to capture hearts and minds, psychological warfare typically employs  propaganda to influence the values, beliefs, emotions, reasoning, motives, or behavior of its targets. The targets of such propaganda campaigns can include governments, political organizations, advocacy groups, military personnel, and civilian individuals. Simply a form of  cleverly â€Å"weaponized† information, PSYOP propaganda may be disseminated in any or all of several ways: Face-to-face verbal communicationAudiovisual media, like television and moviesAudio-only media including shortwave radio broadcasts like those of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty or Radio HavanaPurely visual media, like leaflets, newspapers, books, magazines, or posters More important than how these weapons of propaganda are delivered is the message they carry and how well they influence or persuade the target audience.   Three Shades of Propaganda In his 1949 book, Psychological Warfare Against Nazi Germany, former OSS (now the CIA) operative Daniel Lerner details the U.S. militarys WWII Skyewar campaign. Lerner separates psychological warfare propaganda into three categories:   White propaganda: The information is truthful and only moderately biased. The source of the information is cited.Grey propaganda: The information is mostly truthful and contains no information that can be disproven. However, no sources are cited.Black propaganda: Literally â€Å"fake news,† the information is false or deceitful and is attributed to sources not responsible for its creation. While grey and black propaganda campaigns often have the most immediate impact, they also carry the greatest risk. Sooner or later, the target population identifies the information as being false, thus discrediting the source. As Lerner wrote, Credibility is a condition of persuasion. Before you can make a man do as you say, you must make him believe what you say.† PSYOP in Battle   On the actual battlefield, psychological warfare is used to obtain confessions, information, surrender, or defection by breaking the morale of enemy fighters.   Some typical tactics of battlefield PSYOP include:   Distribution of pamphlets or flyers encouraging the enemy to surrender and giving instructions on how to surrender safelyThe visual â€Å"shock and awe† of a massive attack employing vast numbers of troops or technologically advanced weaponsSleep deprivation through the continual projection of loud, annoying music or sounds toward enemy troopsThe threat – whether real or imaginary – of the use of chemical or biological weaponsRadio stations created to broadcast propagandaRandom use of snipers, booby traps, and improvised explosive devices (IEDs)â€Å"False flag† events – attacks or operations designed to convince the enemy that they were carried out by other nations or groups In all cases, the objective of battlefield psychological warfare is to destroy the morale of the enemy leading them to surrender or defect.   Early Psychological Warfare While it might sound like a modern invention, psychological warfare is as old as war itself. When soldiers the mighty Roman Legions rhythmically beat their swords against their shields they were employing a tactic of shock and awe designed to induce terror in their opponents.   In the 525 B.C. Battle of Peluseium, Persian forces held cats as hostages  in order to gain a psychological advantage over the Egyptians, who due to their religious beliefs, refused to harm cats.   To make the number of his troops seem larger than they actually were, 13th century A.D. leader of the Mongolian Empire Genghis Khan ordered each soldier to carry three lit torches at night. The Mighty Khan also designed arrows notched to whistle as they flew through the air, terrifying his enemies. And in perhaps the most extreme shock and awe tactic, Mongol armies would catapult severed human heads over the walls of enemy villages to frighten the residents. During the  American Revolution, British troops wore brightly colored uniforms in an attempt to intimidate the more plainly dressed troops of George Washington’s Continental Army. This, however, proved to be a fatal mistake as the bright red uniforms made easy targets for Washington’s even more demoralizing American snipers. Modern Psychological Warfare Modern psychological warfare tactics were first used  during World War I. Technological advances in electronic and print media made it easier for governments to distribute propaganda through mass-circulation newspapers. On the battlefield, advances in aviation made it possible to drop leaflets behind enemy lines and special non-lethal artillery rounds were designed to deliver propaganda. Postcards dropped over German trenches by British pilots bore notes supposedly handwritten by German prisoners extolling their humane treatment by their British captors. During  World War II, both Axis and Allied powers regularly used PSYOPS. Adolf Hitlers rise to power in Germany was driven largely by propaganda designed to discredit his political opponents. His furious speeches mustered national pride while convincing the people to blame others for Germany’s self-inflicted economic problems. Use of radio broadcast PSYOP reached a peak in World War II. Japans famous Tokyo Rose broadcast music with false information of Japanese military victories to discourage allied forces. Germany employed similar tactics through the radio broadcasts of Axis Sally.   However, in perhaps the most impactful PSYOP in WWII, American commanders orchestrating the leaking of false orders leading the German high command to believe the allied D-Day invasion would be launched on the beaches of Calais, rather than Normandy, France. The Cold War was all but ended when U.S. President Ronald Reagan publicly released detailed plans for a highly sophisticated â€Å"Star Wars† Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)anti-ballistic missile system capable of destroying Soviet nuclear missiles before they re-entered the atmosphere. Whether any of Reagan’s â€Å"Star Wars† systems could have really been built or not, Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev believed they could. Faced with the realization that the costs of countering U.S. advances in nuclear weapons systems could bankrupt his government, Gorbachev agreed to reopen dà ©tente-era negotiations resulting in lasting nuclear arms control treaties.   More recently, the United States responded to the September 11, 2001 terror attacks by launching the Iraq War with a massive â€Å"shock and awe† campaign intended to break the Iraqi army’s will to fight and to protect the country’s dictatorial leader Saddam Hussein. The U.S. invasion began on March 19, 2003, with two days of non-stop bombing of Iraq’s capital city of Baghdad. On April 5, U.S. and allied Coalition forces, facing only token opposition from Iraqi troops, took control of Baghdad. On April 14, less than a month after the shock and awe invasion began, the U.S. declared victory in the Iraq War.   In todays ongoing  War on Terror, the Jihadist terrorist organization ISIS – the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria- uses social media websites and other online sources to conduct psychological campaigns designed to recruit followers and fighters from around the world.

Developing a Close-Out Plan in Procurement Management Plan Research Paper

Developing a Close-Out Plan in Procurement Management Plan - Research Paper Example This calls in the legal advice from either the corporate legal counsel or an outside lawyer. This is a matter of withdrawing from the provisions of the outsourced contract. Usually the terms and processes for terminating a contract before time are spelled out in the initial contract. This section of the contract is called the termination clause. This clause is there for the protection of both the buyer and the seller, since termination before time can severely damage the interests of either party. Most procurement contracts usually require that the party who wants to terminate the contract before time must notify the other party within a reasonable amount of time, failure to which can result in severe financial penalties for that party. Another aspect of termination clause is the substitute provider. The party who wants to forfeit being part of the legal contract will have to find an alternative provider for the other party if it wants to get out of the contractual relationship. Such provisions and contingencies depend on the parties to the contract. There is no hard and fast rule to this as both parties make the rules themselves of earlier termination in the initial contract (Beyond the Information Systems Outsourcing Bandwagon, 2005). If a contract has a written provision that any modification or termination by agreement should be in written form, then any termination or modification cannot be made effective otherwise. But as stated earlier, this agreement is made by the parties to the contract and termination or modification can be made possible and legally effective orally, in written form, by an act, by staying silent or by inaction, if the initial contract contains such a provision (Viscassilas, 2006). Categorizing the differences in termination of contracts There are three general scenarios in which one party feel the urge and have legal approval to end the contract; Scenario A: Termination for Cause or Default (Seller’s Gaffe) This is a classic f ault from the seller’s side in which the buyer is not satisfied by the quality of the products or the delivery timings. In brief, the seller doesn’t fulfill his contractual obligations in the way he is bound to fulfill them. ‘Failure without legal excuse’ is the key term here that defines the seller’s breach. Seller fails to complete his critical obligations and the buyer is fully defensible in terminating the contracting immediately. Breach from the seller’s side should be ‘material’, which means that the damage to the buyer must be significant enough to give him the legitimate excuse to lay off the contract. Scenario B: Closure for the Suitability (of the Buying side) This tort is inspired by the Federal Acquisition Law which states that the federal government reserves the right to end the procurement contract for its convenience. Many other governmental agencies have followed this law since and have acquired the same legal pos ition in their procurement contracts. These governmental agencies can end the contract if and when they see fitting. These governmental bodies represent state, county and local and many industries are following this legal trend. If the buyer terminates the contract before it is legally expired, he/she needs to notify the seller at a reasonable time so as to not hurt him financially. After sending the notice, both parties must come to the negotiation table to sort

Assingment 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assingment 8 - Assignment Example They should, therefore, be given a second chance. Additionally, just as we cannot treat juveniles as adults when matters such as voting and employment are concerned, there is no reason to treat them as adults when it comes to more delicate issues such as violation of the law. An ostensible fact is that juveniles are immature and no reasoning can justify the aspect of treating them as adults in a court or prison (LawyerShop, 2008). Treating them as adults only ruins a potentially beneficial youth and expose them to unwarranted health risks such as sexual harassment. Proving my answer: The current population strives so much to attain equality. No matter the age, a minor is capable of differentiating good from bad. The juvenile is not insane and hence should be treated like an adult when it comes to criminal cases. Equality is the air that we are breathing. Regardless of who does the offense, justice must prevail and the juvenile offender should not prevaricate punishment. Anybody who commits crime is a criminal; the mere fact that they are juveniles does not diminish the effect of the delinquency on the victim. Criminals are all over our neighborhood living happy and peaceful bliss while their victims and families of the victims are left in unfathomable suffering forever (Flowers, 2002). There is, therefore, no reason to exercise some degree of mercy when convicting juveniles since that will not help in reducing the crime rate. Refuting other possible answers: I strongly believe that with the current advent of technology, people are brighter than you can expect and very smart intellectually. Juveniles engage in crime knowingly a fact that can be supported by the 12 % social recidivism rate among juvenile offenders (Steinberget al., 2015). What’s more, some juveniles simply enjoy engaging in crimes such as rape and murder. Rapists, murderers and other convicts are being released from jail

Thrmodynamecs Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Thrmodynamecs - Coursework Example The coolant that is in liquid form gets into the expansion valve is shown by 1. There is a sudden decline in pressure that causes the liquid to expand cool and vaporize into gas as it advances to the inner compartment of the fridge. There is a round pipe buried at the back wall of the fridge through which the liquid passes, and this chiller cabinet serves an important role of absorbing heat from the food inside the compartments. This is true according Kelvin-Planck law that states that heat transfer occurs from a region of high temperature to the region of low temperature. This law accounts for limitations of the first law of thermodynamics for failing to give the direction of heat flow. The part labeled 3 represents the compressor whose purpose is to convert the coolant into a hot high-pressure gas. This compressor squeezes the coolant raising its temperature and pressure (Serway, Faughn, & Vuille, 2009). The coolant passes through thin radiator pipes at the back of the fridge repre sented by the part labeled 4. In this radiators, most of the heat in the fluid is given out and cools back into a liquid as it advances to the next level. It is equally important to notice that Kelvin-Planck law requires that heat transfer should occur from a warmer to a cooler environment. The liquid then passes through an insulated cabinet to the expansion valve back to the reservoir, and the whole process repeats over and again. Eventually, all the heat in the compartments containing food or beverages is completely extracted resulting to temperatures that are too low for invasion of bacteria that causes decomposition of food (Serway, Faughn, & Vuille, 2009). The objective of a refrigerator is to remove heat from a cold medium. On the other hand, the objective of the heat pumps is to take energy from a cold source. Then transfer it to a hot source for purposes of raising the temperature of the part or

Philosophy And Personal Identity Philosophy Essay

Philosophy And Personal Identity Philosophy Essay Personal identity starts at the moment of conception, within time personal identity can change or not change. The change in identity differs in many instances by causes of psychological, physical or environmental changes in the person life. As life progresses in time people tend to change their views on many issues and identity is involved with those issues. Day to day activities also play an important role on a persons present or prior identity by being exposed to different elements encountered within their mind while operating in these activities. The mind is the most important influential part of a person to establish their identity thru time present or future. The identity is very important for the well being of a person in their everyday life, at work, and even with their relaintionships. When it comes to philosophy Personal Identity is a very broad and extensive topic, many philosopher have their own views on the issue. On the other hand my personal choice for this paper has to be a very well known philosopher by the name of John Locke who was one of the greatest in Europe in the late 1600s and early 1700s until his death. John Locker was born into the stage in Europe which was called the Enlightenment in which he helped find the identity of Thomas Jefferson to the idea of the Declaration Of Independence by stating this men are endowed with certain inalienable rights, and that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. With these words stated by Thomas Jefferson, John Locke began his successful thrill of Philosophy and the issue of Personal Identity. As Locke explains his version of Personal Identity he explains it in a higher power and often relies on faith, as opposed to science, to aid him in his major life decisions by using his personal identity. John Lockes views on personal identity are set out in the selection, Of Identity and Diversity, taken from his Essay Concerning Human Understanding. In this essay he talks about humans are able to understand by applying his theories and ideas. John Locke had his heart of personal identity in Section 9 of his essay in which he states his idea of a person is that of a thinking, intelligent (rational) being with consciousness of itself (self-consciousness). The notion of a thinking intelligent being amounts to this.While John Locke had his opinion and theories on personal identity other philosophers do too.In reference Identity is very complex and it has no set definition everyone agrees on. Sarup (1996) talks about identity by using the example of a passport. This may include a photograph of the person as well as other details including nationality, a persons full name and date-of-birth. While a passport is a form of identity it does not express who you are as a pers on. It shows you who you are so that you can be recognized in a bureaucratic sense (Sarup, 1996). Sarup the author states that identity is to do with who one thinks one is, what one believes and what one does. While Kidd another author believes that identity relates to how we think about ourselves as people, how we think about other people around us and what we think others think of us. In other words, the ability to figure out (Kidd, 2002)who we are as a person. Kidd the other author states that we are shaped by our culture, and we shape it and perpetuate in it in our day-to-day lives. Although culture and identity are often linked they are, in fact, different in many ways than one . With culture representing the macro pattern- the bigger picture- and identity representing the smaller more micro meanings we have as individuals ( Kidd, 2002, p.7). In my personal identity I have experienced many facets within my 25 years of living in this earth.My personal identity has been developing each minute of the day,as well as days on and in years.In my readings and research I personally coincide with authors who state that personal identity is divided by two subsets.These two subsets are characterized by experience and learning.On the contrary to Lockes beliefs I feel these two subsets characterize my personal identitys growth.According to Wenger, identity can be seen as a negotiated experience, which is developed through engagement in practice in which gives us certain experiences of participation and what our communities pay attention to makes us as participants (Wenger, 1998). Identity in practice is defined socially not merely because it is believed in a social discourse of the self and of social categories, but also because it is produced as a lived experience of participation in the specific communities (Wenger, 1998, p.151). Learning is a very crucial item people should encounter because it benefits us in the long run when it comes to our daily lives and personal encounters and relaintionships.The many things ive learned thru out my years has set out to my advantage and my personal identity .While working for different companies and organizations my personal identity has differed in each setting because I had a different role in each one.Having different roles in each of my jobs,my personal identity had to change in time in order for my tenure their to be successful and keep up with the rest of the laborers.According to the author Wenger A sense of a learning trajectory gives us ways of sorting out what matters and what does not, what contributes to identity and what remains marginal (Wenger, 1998, p.155). When we speak of ones personal identity we speak as what makes us the person that we are.Our identity consists of what makes us unique and different as an individual and from others.According to Locke personal identity does not involve the body at all,the person could be involved by his soul.If such would occur Locke suggested that the person could be transferred by his own soul.However personal identity to Locke cannot be equated with the identity of a thinking substance either because the identity doesnt follow the identity of the soul ,but follows the set of individual thoughts it contains.Here is an excerpt of one Lockes essay where he states the personal identity would follow the thoughts themselves, and not the thinking substance. Let any one reflect upon himself,and conclude,that he has in himself an immaterial Spirit,which is that which thinks in him,and in the constant change of his body keeps him the same;and is that which he calls himself: Let him also suppose it to be the same soul,that was in Nestor or Thersites, at the Siege Of Troy.But he,now having no consciousness of any of the Actions either of Nestor or Thersites,does,or can he,conceive himself the same person with either of them? Can he be concerned in either of their actions?Attribute them to himself, or think them his own more than the actions of any other man,that ever existed?But let him once find himself conscious of any of the actions of Nestor,he then finds himself the same person with Nestor.(Section 15).Since we know and read that Locke rejects that the identity of a person is the identity of an immaterial substance or soul.For Locke at every moment you could have a different soul,thoughts,or a different thinker and still have the same person see.(Section 25) Another rejection by Locke is the idea the the identity of a man is needed for the identity of the person.It wouldnt be necessary since you could have the same person in two different beings as he states in the Prince and the Cobbler story. For should the soul of a prince,carrying with it the consciousness of the princes past life,enter and inform the body of a cobbler,as soon as deserted by his own soul,everyone sees he would be the same person with the prince.(Section 15). For Locke personal identity is not enough if it doesnt include the identity of consciousness.According to Locke consciousness is the ideas that a soul entertains,not in the soul that entertains them.The most important part of consciousness is memory,since memory can remember the actions and experiences of some past person,from the perspective of that person,then one thereby qualifies as identical with that person.To Locke he describes personal identity as a forensic notion.(Section 26).While most philosophers and philosophy get confused with his identity of consciousness Locke statedFor since consciousness always accompanies thinking,and it is that which makes every one to be what he calls self,and thereby distinguishes himself from all other thinking things:in this along consists consists personal identity and as far as this consciousness can be extended backwards to any past action or thought,so far reaches the identity of that person;it is the same self now it was then;and it is b y the same self with this present one that now reflects on it,that that action was done.(Section 9). Overtime John Locke has been criticized by his theories and his way of thinking by fellow philosophers and other entities.Thomas Reid has a view that is similar to Descartes in which a person who is a simple indivisible substance that has no temporal or spatial parts.Thomas Reid states that My personal identity implies the continued existence of that indivisible thing which I can myself.Whatever this self may be,it is something which thinks,and deliberates,and resolves,and acts and suffers.I am not thought,I am not action, I am not action,I am not feeling;I am something that thinks,and acts and suffers.My thoughts,and actions,and feelings change every moment;they have no continues,but a successive,existence that self or I,to which they belong,is permanent,and has the same relation to all the succeeding thoughts,actions,and feelings which I call mine. Reid argues that memory is the evidence for personal identity,but not the basis of personal identity.Reid developed several arguments w hich go against John Lockes memory is the basis of personal identity.The four main arguments that Reide goes against Locke are: The Duplication problem which states one person may be identity with more than one person. The Brave Soldier Paradox which a man may be ,and at the same time not be,the person that did a particular action. The problem of removing reward punishment and responsibility. The minor objection that confuses consciousness with memory.